shaandho molecularwaa maaddooyinka lagama maarmaanka u ah kala-soocidda gaaska iyo dareeraha iyo nadiifinta warshadaha kala duwan. Waxay yihiin metalloaluminosilicates crystalline leh daloolo isku mid ah kuwaas oo si xushmad leh u xajiya molecules iyadoo lagu saleynayo cabbirkooda iyo qaabkooda. Thehabka wax soo saarka ee shaandho molecularwaxay ku lug leedahay dhowr tillaabo oo adag si loo hubiyo soo saarista qalab tayo sare leh oo leh cabbirro dalool gaar ah iyo astaamo.
Soo saarista shaandhada molecular waxay ka bilaabataa xulashada alaabta ceeriin, oo ay ku jiraan sodium silicate, alumina iyo biyaha. Qalabkan waxaa lagu qasi karaa si sax ah si ay u sameeyaan jel isku mid ah, kaas oo markaa lagu sii daayo habka isku dhafka hydrothermal. Tallaabadan, jelku wuxuu kuleyliyaa heerkul sare oo ay joogaan walxaha alkaline si kor loogu qaado samaynta qaab-dhismeedka crystal oo leh daloolo isku mid ah.
Marxaladda soo socota ee muhiimka ah ee habka wax-soo-saarka waa beddelka ion, taas oo ku lug leh beddelidda ion sodium ee qaab-dhismeedka crystal iyo cations kale sida calcium, potassium ama magnesium. Habkan beddelka ion-ka ayaa muhiim u ah habaynta waxqabadka shaandhada molecular, oo ay ku jiraan awoodda xayeysiinta iyo xulashada. Nooca cation ee loo isticmaalo beddelka ion waxay kuxirantahay shuruudaha codsiga gaarka ah ee shaandhada molecular.
Ka dib marka la beddelo ion, shaandhada molecular waxay maraan tillaabooyin isdaba-joog ah oo dhaqid iyo qalajin si looga saaro wixii wasakh ah iyo kiimikooyinka haraaga ah ee habka wax soo saarka. Tani waxay hubinaysaa in badeecada ugu dambeysa ay buuxiso heerarka nadiifnimada adag ee looga baahan yahay codsiyada warshadaha. Ka dib marka habka dhaqidda iyo qalajinta la dhammeeyo, shaandhada molecular waxaa lagu dhajiyaa heerkul sare si loo dejiyo qaab dhismeedka kareemka oo meesha laga saaro wixii ka soo haray isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah.
Tallaabada ugu dambeysa ee habka wax soo saarka waxay ku lug leedahay firfircoonida shaandhada molecular si loogu diyaariyo codsiyada xayeysiinta. Habka hawlgelintan ayaa caadiyan ku lug leh kululayntashaandho molecularheerkulka sare si loo saaro qoyaanka oo kor loogu qaado sifooyinkeeda adsorption. Muddada iyo heerkulka habka firfircoonida ayaa si taxadar leh loo xakameeyaa si loo gaaro cabbirka daloolka la rabo iyo aagga dusha sare ee shaandhada molecular.
Shaandhooyin molecular ah ayaa lagu heli karaa cabbirro dalool kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan 3A, 4A iyo 5A, mid kasta oo ku habboon codsiyo gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan,3A shaandho molecularwaxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa fuuqbaxa gaaska iyo dareeraha, halka4A iyo 5A shaandho molecularwaxaa la door bidaa in la isku dhejiyo unugyo waaweyn oo laga saaro wasakhda sida biyaha iyo kaarboon-dioxide.
Marka la soo koobo, soo saarista shaandhada molecular waa nidaam adag oo casri ah oo ku lug leh dhowr tillaabo oo muhiim ah, oo ay ku jiraan isku-darka kuleyliyaha, beddelka ion, dhaqida, qalajinta, kicinta, iyo kicinta. Tallaabooyinkan si taxadar leh ayaa loo xakameeyaa si loo soo saaroshaandho molecularleh hanti la habeeyey iyo cabbirada daldaloolada si loo daboolo baahiyaha kala duwan ee warshadaha sida petrochemical, farmashiyaha iyo farsamaynta gaaska dabiiciga ah. Tayo sare lehshaandho molecular oo la soo saaraysoosaarayaasha sumcadda leh waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan si loo gaaro kala saarid hufan iyo hababka nadiifinta ee codsiyada warshadaha kala duwan.
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-19-2024