shaandho molecularwaxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha kiimikada iyo petrochemical ee hababka kala duwan ee kala soocidda iyo nadiifinta. Mid ka mid ah codsiyadooda muhiimka ah waa nadiifinta gaasta hydrogen. Hydrogen waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa sidii quudin hababka warshadaha kala duwan, sida soo saarista ammonia, methanol, iyo kiimikooyin kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hydrogen-ka ay soo saaraan habab kala duwani ma aha had iyo jeer nadiif ku filan codsiyadan, waxayna u baahan tahay in la nadiifiyo si looga saaro wasakhda sida biyaha, carbon dioxide, iyo gaasaska kale. Shaandhooyin molecular ayaa aad waxtar u leh inay ka saaraan wasakhyadan qulqulka gaasta hydrogen.

Shaandhooyin molecular waa walxo dalool leh oo awood u leh inay si xushmad leh u xajiyaan molecules iyadoo loo eegayo cabbirkooda iyo qaabkooda. Waxay ka kooban yihiin qaab-dhismeedka godad ama daloolno isku xidhan oo cabbir iyo qaab leys le’eg, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inay si door ah u xajiyaan unugyo ku habboon godadkaas. Cabbirka godadka waxaa lagu xakameyn karaa inta lagu jiro isku-dhafka shaandhada molecular, taas oo suurtogal ka dhigaysa in ay ku habboonaadaan hantidooda codsiyo gaar ah.

Marka laga hadlayo sifaynta hydrogen, shaandhooyin molecular ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xusho biyaha iyo wasakhda kale ee qulqulka gaasta hydrogen. Shaandhooyinka molecular waxay soo jiidataa molecules-ka biyaha iyo wasakhda kale, iyadoo u oggolaanaysa unugyadu hydrogen-ka inay dhex maraan. Wasakhda wasakhaysan ayaa markaa laga soo saari karaa shaandhada molecular iyadoo la kululeeyo ama lagu nadiifiyo qulqulka gaaska.

Inta badan la isticmaaloshaandho molecularSifaynta hydrogen waa nooc ka mid ah zeolite loo yaqaan 3A zeolite. Zeolite-kani waxa uu leeyahay cabbir dalool ah oo ah 3 angstroms, taas oo u oggolaanaysa in ay si xushmad leh u xajiso biyaha iyo wasakhda kale ee leh cabbirka unugyada ka weyn hydrogen. Waxa kale oo aad u doorta dhinaca biyaha, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aad waxtar u leh inay ka saarto biyaha qulqulka hydrogen. Noocyada kale ee zeolites, sida 4A iyo 5A zeolites, ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa nadiifinta hydrogen, laakiin way ka door bidaan biyaha waxayna u baahan karaan heerkul sare ama cadaadis si loo nadiifiyo.

Gabagabadii, shaandhada molecular ayaa aad waxtar ugu leh nadiifinta gaasta hydrogen. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha kiimikada iyo batroolka si loo soo saaro gaaska hydrogen-ka saafiga ah ee codsiyada kala duwan. Zeolite 3A waa shaandhada molecular ee ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo nadiifinta hydrogen, laakiin noocyada kale ee zeolites ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa iyadoo ku xiran shuruudaha codsiga gaarka ah.

Marka laga reebo zeolites, noocyada kale ee shaandhada molecular, sida kaarboon firfircoon iyo jel silica, ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa nadiifinta hydrogen. Qalabkani waxay leeyihiin meel sare oo sare iyo mugga dalool sare, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aad waxtar u leh inay ku dhajiyaan wasakhda ka soo baxa gaaska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, way ka door yar yihiin zeolites waxayna u baahan karaan heerkul sare ama cadaadis dib u soo kabashada.

Sifaynta hydrogen ka sokow,shaandho molecularWaxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa codsiyada kale ee kala-soocidda gaaska iyo sifaynta. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in laga saaro qoyaanka iyo wasakhda hawada, nitrogen, iyo qulqulka gaaska kale. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa in lagu kala saaro gaaska iyada oo lagu saleynayo cabbirkooda molecular, sida kala soocida Ogsajiinta iyo Naytrojiinta hawada, iyo kala soocida hydrocarbons iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah.

Guud ahaan, shaandhada molecular waa maaddooyin badan oo kala duwan oo leh codsiyo kala duwan oo ku jira warshadaha kiimikada iyo kiimikaad batroolka. Waxay lagama maarmaan u yihiin soo saarista gaasaska saafiga ah, waxayna bixiyaan faa'iidooyin dhowr ah oo ku saabsan hababka kala soocida dhaqameed, sida isticmaalka tamarta yar, xulashada sare, iyo sahlanaanta hawlgalka. Iyada oo ay kordheyso baahida loo qabo gaaska saafiga ah ee hababka kala duwan ee warshadaha, isticmaalka shaandhada molecular ayaa la filayaa inay koraan mustaqbalka.